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1.
Front Nutr ; 11: 1380315, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38549747

RESUMO

Introduction: Energy imbalance gap (EIG) is defined as the average daily difference between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). This study aimed to examine the associations between EIG and sociodemographic and anthropometric variables in the adolescent population of eight Latin America countries. Methods: A total of 680 adolescents aged 15 to 18 were included in this study. The estimation of EI was based on two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. EE was predicted from Schofield equations using physical activity level obtained through the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sociodemographic data and anthropometric measurements were also obtained. A descriptive analysis and multilevel linear regression models were used to examine associations between variables. Results: The mean EI, EE, and EIG were 2091.3 kcal, 2067.8 kcal, and 23.5 kcal, respectively. Argentina had the highest EI and EIG, whereas Chile had the lowest EI and EIG. Males had a higher EI (2262.4 kcal) and EE (2172.2 kcal) than females (1930.1 kcal and 2084.5 kcal), respectively (p < 0.05). Overweight subjects had a lower EIG than did underweight and normal-weight subjects (p < 0.05). Subjects with low socioeconomic status (SES) had a lower EE (2047.0 kcal) than those with a high SES (2164.2 kcal) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sex and BMI were associated with EIG in adolescents from Latin America.

2.
Nutrients ; 15(3)2023 Jan 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36771376

RESUMO

Dietary protein intake is vital to life. Here we sought to characterize dietary sources of protein in eight Latin American countries. Survey data were collected for Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS); participants were from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela (n = 9218, 15-65 years old). The primary aim of this analysis was to quantify per-person daily protein consumption by country and sociodemographic factors. Secondary aims: to quantify proportional intake of proteins by source, amount and processing, and to determine the adequacy of protein/essential amino acid intake. Younger groups (adolescents 15-19 years, adults 20-33 years) had the highest intake of proteins; middle-aged adults (34-49 years) had a lower intake, and older adults (50-65 years) had a strikingly lower intake. Protein consumption was higher in men than women. Animal proteins comprised nearly 70% of total daily protein intake in Argentina and Venezuela, contrasting with <60% in Peru, Chile, and Costa Rica. Brazil and Venezuela showed the highest protein intake within the highest education level. The higher the socioeconomic level, the higher the protein intake, except for Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Proportional intake of animal- and plant-based protein generally reflected the food availability by country. This study presents a pre-pandemic regional baseline and offers a perspective for future studies of changes related to government policies, climate, and dietary practices.


Assuntos
Dieta , Proteínas na Dieta , Feminino , Animais , América Latina , Argentina , Brasil
3.
Dialogues Health ; 1: 100084, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38515908

RESUMO

Introduction: The complex humanitarian emergency that Venezuela has been going through for several years has deteriorated the quality of life of its citizens, deepened food insecurity in households and has promoted migratory movements of almost six million people to neighboring countries. Objective: To analyze food security in Venezuelan households to identify the determinant factors that might contribute to the design of evidence-based public policies. Materials and methods: A non-probabilistic survey of national scope was used in 2,041 urban and non-urban households. A descriptive statistical test was performed to analyze demographic variables and the three component indicators of the food security index (FSI): food consumption, economic vulnerability and coping strategies. The FSI was built according to the World Food Program (WFP) methodology, and a segmentation analysis was applied using the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) algorithm to specify the influence of some variables as the best predictor at each level. Results: Only 9% of the households presented food security, 69% classified as marginally secure, and 22% presented moderate or severe food insecurity. The food consumption score (FCS) was the variable that best discriminated the level of food security, followed by coping strategies and the percentage of spending on food. Conclusion: Most of the households studied sacrifice their livelihoods to feed themselves and cover the minimum of their nutritional requirements. This needs attention to stop and reverse the deterioration within a framework of respect for the human rights to health and food.

4.
An. venez. nutr ; 35(1): 37-47, 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1412461

RESUMO

José María Bengoa, hijo ilustre de Sanare, inicia su estadía en ese poblado rural en 1936, allí como el mismo lo expresó se forma en la Universidad de Sanare, donde con su acuciosa observación, reconoce los determinantes sociales de la desnutrición, allí descubrió que la desnutrición y el hambre, eran el denominador común de las enfermedades. Propone atender al niño y educar a la madre, y así surge el primer centro de recuperación nutricional. En medio de esa soledad recoge su experiencia, reflexiones, observaciones y soluciones prácticas las cuales publica en el libro "Medicina Social en el Medio Rural Venezolano" (1940). Logró extenderlo al resto de América, Asia y África desde su trabajo en Naciones Unidas. En 1941 dirige la Sección de Nutrición en el Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, y contribuye con la creación del Instituto Nacional de Nutrición, la Escuela de Nutricionistas y Dietistas de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (1940 a 1950).En 1955 se incorpora a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en Ginebra, de esta experiencia comentaba "cuando comencé mis actividades en la OMS, había un hiato evidente entre investigación en nutrición y la salud pública", dirigió la Unidad de Nutrición(1964 ­ 1974). Dirige a la Fundación Cavendes y logra convertir a Caracas en la Capital Latinoamericana de la Nutrición gracias a su capacidad para integrar alianzas, con instituciones nacionales y con organismos internacionales. Trabajó intensamente para fortalecer las instituciones existentes y promover nuevas instituciones(AU)


Jose María Bengoa, illustrious son of Sanare, began his stay in that rural town in 1936, there, as he himself expressed it, he trained at the University of Sanare, where with his careful observation, he recognized the social determinants of malnutrition, there he discovered that malnutrition and hunger were the common denominator of diseases. He proposes caring for the child and educating the mother, and thus the first nutritional recovery center arises. In the midst of that loneliness he collects his experience, reflections, observations and practical solutions of his published in the book "Social Medicine in the Venezuelan Rural Environment" (1940). He managed to spread it to the rest of America, Asia and Africa from his work at the United Nations. In 1941 he directed the Nutrition Section in the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, and contributed to the creation of the National Institute of Nutrition, the School of Nutritionists and Dieticians of the Central University of Venezuela (1940 to 1950). In 1955 he joined the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, commented on this experience "when I began my activities at WHO, there was an evident hiatus between research in nutrition and public health", he directed the Nutrition Unit (1964 - 1974). He directs the Cavendes Foundation and manages to turn Caracas into the Latin American Capital of Nutrition thanks to his ability to form alliances with national institutions and international organizations. He worked hard to strengthen existing institutions and promote new institutions(AU)


Assuntos
Medicina Social , Recuperação Nutricional , Fome , Medicina Comunitária , Desnutrição , Pesquisa , Apoio Social , Universidades , Zona Rural , Saúde Pública , Pessoas Famosas
5.
Front Nutr ; 8: 740361, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34820411

RESUMO

Background: Latin America has experienced changes in lifestyle since 1960. Aim: The aim was to determine the prevalence of obesity and stunting among eight countries of Latin American and to identify the determinant risk factors for obesity. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from 9,218 participants of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a multicenter cross-sectional study of the representative samples in eight Latin American countries. All the participants completed a standard protocol to investigate the nutrient intake and anthropometric variables (weight, height, and circumferences) analyzed by country, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Results: The prevalence of obesity was higher in Costa Rica and Venezuela (29%) and lower in Colombia (16%), stunting was reported higher in Peru (47%) and lower in Argentina (17%), and waist and neck circumferences showed the higher values in Costa Rica (43%) and Chile (52%) and lower values in Colombia (23 and 26%). Conclusion: This study indicates an increasing trend toward overweight and obesity that are associated with lower socioeconomic status, being a woman, and concurs with inadequate intakes of calcium, which may be related to poor quality diet and in the long term could constitute risk factors for the chronic diseases and a health burden to the region.

6.
An. venez. nutr ; 34(2): 76-83, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1395408

RESUMO

El envejecimiento transforma sustancial y progresivamente la situación de la salud individual, también influye sobre la estructura y la dinámica de la familia y la sociedad. Los niños, mujeres embarazadas y adultos mayores representan los grupos más vulnerables de la población, y ante situaciones de crisis humanitaria su rezago frente a las oportunidades ambientales se profundiza. Aun siendo el foco de atención, los abuelos siempre son los más postergados. Objetivo. Revisar el complejo entorno venezolano, las dimensiones que lo configuran, su impacto en el curso de vida y cómo afecta las condiciones de vida del adulto mayor. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron los indicadores demográficos; socioeconómicos, como niveles de ingreso, pobreza e hiperinflación, calidad de los servicios públicos; de salud y de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, inactividad laboral y protección social y cómo afectan las condiciones de vida del adulto mayor. Resultados. Se observaron dimensiones que muestran el impacto negativo en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor, que ahora también debe sortear a la COVID 19, además de enfrentar la orfandad de la acelerada migración de su descendencia, que ha causado la pérdida del bono demográfico y una disminución en la esperanza de vida. Conclusiones. La sistematización del conocimiento de las condiciones de vida de este importante grupo de la población es indispensable para orientar el diseño de políticas públicas dirigidas a su protección que incluya pensiones dignas, atención en salud y cuidados, para que esta población pueda contar con autonomía, independencia y participación en el desarrollo de la nación(AU)


Aging substantially and progressively transforms the individual health situation, it also influences the structure and dynamics of the family and society. Children, pregnant women and older adults represent the most vulnerable groups of the population, and in situations of humanitarian crisis their lag behind environmental opportunities deepens. Even though they are the focus of attention, grandparents are always the most neglected. Objective. Review the complex Venezuelan environment, the dimensions that make it up, its impact on the course of life and how it affects the living conditions of the elderly. Materials and methods. Demographic indicators was analyzed; socioeconomic, such as income levels, poverty and hyperinflation, quality of public services; health and food and nutritional security, labor inactivity and social protection and how they affect the living conditions of the elderly. Results. Dimensions was observed that show the negative impact on the quality of life of the elderly, who must now also overcome COVID 19, in addition to facing the orphanhood of the accelerated migration of their offspring, which has caused the loss of the demographic bonus and a decrease in life expectancy. Conclusions. The systematization of knowledge of the living conditions of this important group of the population is essential to guide the design of public policies aimed at their protection that includes decent pensions, health care and care, so that this population can count on autonomy, independence, and participation in the development of the nation(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento , Expectativa de Vida , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Nutrição do Idoso , Condições Sociais , Grupos de Risco , Meio Ambiente , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde
7.
An. venez. nutr ; 34(1): 49-58, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1393160

RESUMO

Las actividades académicas en el mundo se vieron interrumpidas en su modalidad presencial debido a la COVID-19, que impuso medidas de confinamiento y distancia social, ello significó transitar de la modalidad presencial a una no presencial de emergencia. El uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ha llegado para quedarse. Las brechas en las condiciones de acceso a internet y la asequibilidad, sumado a las fallas de otros servicios como el eléctrico en la región de América Latina y el Caribe y especialmente en Venezuela constituyen una nueva forma de exclusión para algunos segmentos de la población en todos los niveles educativos. Los tradicionales programas educativos deben transformarse y adaptarse a la educación a distancia, siendo necesario que los docentes aprendan a producir y gestionar contenidos y herramientas off line y on line para atender las demandas de los procesos sincrónicos y asincrónicos en sus modalidades híbridas o no presenciales. El dominio de las herramientas y las plataformas tecnológicas es fundamental para la planificación, diseño y ejecución de actividades virtuales y para la mejora de la educación universitaria. Se plantea revisar las oportunidades para la docencia no presencial del nutricionista en Venezuela. La actual emergencia educativa abre un mundo de posibilidades como el acceso abierto a la investigación en línea y el trabajo colaborativo, sin embargo en algunas asignaturas de las ciencias de la salud como la nutrición, la práctica seguirá siendo irremplazable(AU)


Academic activities worldwide were interrupted in face-to-face mode due to COVID-19, which imposed confinement and social distance measures, which meant moving from face-to-face to non-face-toface emergency. The use of information and communication technologies (ITC) is here to stay. The gaps in the conditions of internet access and affordability, added to the failures of other services such as electricity in the Latin American and Caribbean region and especially in Venezuela, constitute a new form of exclusion for some segments of the population in all educational levels. Traditional educational programs must be transformed and adapted to distance education, making it necessary for teachers to learn to produce and manage content and offline and online tools to meet the demands of synchronous and asynchronous processes in their hybrid or non-face-to-face modalities. Mastering the tools and technological platforms is essential for the planning, design and execution of virtual activities and for the improvement of university education. It is proposed to review the opportunities for non-classroom teaching of nutritionists in Venezuela. The current educational emergency opens up a world of possibilities such as open access to online research and collaborative work, however in some subjects in the health sciences such as nutrition, the practice will continue to be irreplaceable(AU)


Assuntos
Educação a Distância , Acesso à Informação , Tecnologia da Informação , Acesso à Internet , Ciências da Nutrição , Docentes
8.
Nutrients ; 13(1)2020 Dec 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33375712

RESUMO

Latin American (LA) women have been exposed to demographic and epidemiologic changes that have transformed their lifestyle, with increasing sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors. We aimed to identify characteristics of LA women to inform public policies that would benefit these women and their future children. The Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) is a multicenter cross-sectional study of representative samples in eight Latin American countries (n = 9218) with a standardized protocol to investigate dietary intake, anthropometric variables, physical activity, and socioeconomic characteristics. Here we included the subsample of all 3254 women of childbearing age (15 to <45 years). The majority of ELANS women had a low socioeconomic status (53.5%), had a basic education level (56.4%), had a mostly sedentary lifestyle (61.1%), and were overweight or obese (58.7%). According to the logistic multiple regression model, living in Peru and Ecuador predicts twice the risk of being obese, and an increased neck circumference is associated with a 12-fold increased obesity risk. An increased obesity risk was also predicted by age <19 years (Relative Risk (RR) 19.8) and adequate consumption of vitamin D (RR 2.12) and iron (RR 1.3). In conclusion, the identification of these risk predictors of obesity among Latin American women may facilitate targeted prevention strategies focusing on high-risk groups to promote the long-term health of women and their children.


Assuntos
Dieta , Estilo de Vida , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometria , Estudos Transversais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Escolaridade , Ingestão de Energia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
9.
An. venez. nutr ; 33(2): 161-168, 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1392970

RESUMO

La educación nutricional es una herramienta que promueve la creación de hábitos alimentarios saludables para toda la vida. Le permite al individuo recibir un conocimiento sólido para seleccionar, preparar y conservar alimentos de alto valor nutritivo, experimentar con productos alimenticios emergentes y comparar sus experiencias con familiares y otros miembros de la comunidad. La educación nutricional es indispensable para adoptar un estilo de vida saludable y reducir el riesgo tanto de enfermedades crónicas como de aquellas transmitidas por alimentos contaminados. Las redes sociales y la web han representado el vehículo idóneo para multiplicar intervenciones nutricionales de calidad. Con la aparición de la pandemia por la COVID-19 y las medidas de confinamiento reglamentadas, los espacios tradicionalmente utilizados para enseñar e impartir educación nutricional se han inhabilitado, ya que son propicios para la transmisión del agente viral. En Venezuela, la educación nutricional no estaba preparada para migrar repentinamente hacia la modalidad virtual por múltiples razones, entre ellas la conexión a internet, las interrupciones del servicio eléctrico, la disponibilidad de equipos electrónicos y la capacitación digital y tecnológica del profesional del área. En la actualidad la telemedicina ha promovido la transmisión de conocimientos desde la virtualidad para mantener el distanciamiento social, debido a ello la explotación de los espacios institucionales para la información y comunicación de conocimientos en nutrición emerge como una necesidad. Es por esto, que el siguiente artículo pretende examinar algunos elementos y desafíos relacionados con la práctica de la educación nutricional en entornos virtuales(AU)


Nutrition education is a tool that promotes the creation of healthy eating habits for life. It allows the individual to receive a solid knowledge to select, prepare and preserve foods of high nutritional value, to experiment with emerging food products and to compare their experiences with family and other community members. Nutrition education is essential for adopting a healthy lifestyle and reducing the risk of both chronic diseases and those transmitted by contaminated food. Social networks and the web have been the ideal vehicle to multiply quality nutritional interventions. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and regulated containment measures, the spaces traditionally used to teach and provide nutritional education have been disabled, as they are conducive to the transmission of the viral agent. In Venezuela, nutritional education was not prepared for a sudden migration to the virtual mode for multiple reasons, including Internet connection, interruptions in electrical service, availability of electronic equipment, and digital and technological training of the professional in the area. Currently, telemedicine has promoted the transmission of knowledge from the virtual mode to maintain social distance, due to which the exploitation of institutional spaces for information and communication of knowledge in nutrition emerges as a necessity. Therefore, the purpose of the following article is to examine some elements and challenges related to the practice of nutritional education in virtual environments(AU)


Assuntos
Fatores Socioeconômicos , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Insegurança Alimentar , Nutrientes , Ingestão de Alimentos , Ciências da Nutrição , Acesso a Medicamentos Essenciais e Tecnologias em Saúde
11.
An. venez. nutr ; 32(1): 26-32, 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1087219

RESUMO

Nicaragua presenta altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional. Predomina la deficiencia proteico-energética y la carencia de nutrientes específicos y al mismo tiempo presenta la superposición epidemiológica-nutricional y la doble carga de riesgos para la salud. Faltan conocimientos para optimizar los escasos recursos para adquirir productos de mayor valor nutricional. El objetivo fue contribuir a reducir el hambre y la desnutrición y mejorar la alimentación y el estado nutricional de la población del municipio nicaragüense de Somotillo, a través de estrategias educativas difundidas por el medio radiofónico. Se ejecutó el programa "Por una mejor nutrición" en la radio (1 junio al 29 de julio, 2016) y se abordaron cuatro temas: conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable, higiene alimentaria, enfermedades asociadas a la malnutrición y alimentación del escolar y se acompañaron de tres cápsulas informativas cada uno, transmitidas 1v/s y 5v/s (8v/día), respectivamente, más una sesión 1v/s de respuesta a los oyentes (maestros y niños escolares). Además, se hizo una evaluación cualitativa (grupo de discusión con maestros y promotores de salud) y se aplicó un cuestionario de 5 preguntas pre y post intervención a 600 escolares seleccionados al azar en 20 escuelas rurales. Se encontró dominio parcial del tema de higiene pre-intervención y fallas en las acciones para prevenir las enfermedades que afectan el estado nutricional de los escolares (post intervención). El programa benefició a 2.349 estudiantes y familias. Esta experiencia puede mejorar el empoderamiento de las familias y la comunidad frente a los problemas de alimentación y prácticas higiénicas peligrosas existentes, pero requieren por parte de las comunidades garantizar la sostenibilidad y replicabilidad del mismo(AU)


Nicaragua has high levels of food and nutritional insecurity. Protein-energy deficiency and lack of specific nutrients predominate, while epidemiological-nutritional deficiencies and excess overlap and the double burden of health risks. There is a lack of knowledge in order to optimize scarce resources and to acquire products of greater nutritional value. The aim was to contribute to the reduction of hunger and malnutrition and to improve the diet and nutritional status of the population of the Nicaraguan municipality of Somotillo, through educational strategies broadcasted by radio. The program "For better nutrition" was carried out on the radio (1 June to 29 July 2016) and addressed four topics: knowledge of healthy eating, food hygiene, diseases associated with malnutrition and school feeding, and was accompanied by three information capsules, each transmitted 1/s and 5/s (8v/day), respectively, plus a 1/s response session for listeners (teachers and school children). In addition, a qualitative evaluation (discussion group with teachers and health promoters) and a questionnaire of 5 pre and post intervention questions were applied to 600 randomly selected schoolchildren in 20 rural schools. Partial mastery was found of the issue of pre-intervention hygiene and failures in actions to prevent diseases that affect the nutritional status of schoolchildren (post-intervention). The program benefited 2,349 students and families. This experience can improve the empowerment of families and the community in the face of existing food problems and dangerous hygiene practices(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas de Nutrição , Higiene dos Alimentos , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Estratégias de eSaúde , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Rádio , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Fome , Desnutrição
12.
An. venez. nutr ; 31(2): 66-77, 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1025922

RESUMO

En América Latina y el Caribe la mayoría de los países con subalimentación (2011-2017), desaceleraron sus economías y, profundizaron la crisis alimentaria y los conflictos sociales. Venezuela vive un empobrecimiento masivo e inseguridad alimentaria que motiva la migración a otros países. Para conocer la situación actual de la seguridad alimentaria (SA) y la malnutrición, se estudiaron los principales determinantes, mediante el análisis de informes técnicos de acceso público en el último quinquenio. Se encontró que las dimensiones de la SA están severamente comprometidas: el acceso, la disponibilidad, la bioutilización y la estabilidad de las anteriores. Las preferencias alimentarias están afectadas por la distorsión entre precios e ingresos reales. El patrón de consumo de alimentos ha cambiado, resultando insuficiente en cantidad y calidad, sin variedad, basado en arroz, maíz, pasta, granos y aceite; carente en proteínas animales, vitaminas A, B y C, y minerales (hierro, ácido fólico zinc y calcio). El efecto directo es el incremento de la malnutrición y del hambre oculta, en los más vulnerables. La desnutrición crónica, principal problema nutricional, se solapa con el déficit calórico-proteico y las deficiencias de nutrientes. El programa de nutrición comunitaria y el Proyecto de emergencia social (2017-2018) reportaron severidad del retraso de crecimiento en talla (moderado y severo) y desnutrición aguda que afectaron principalmente a los niños menores de dos años, de las zonas de menores recursos rurales o periurbanas. Los tres determinantes inmediatos del estado nutricional del niño: seguridad alimentaria, atención adecuada y salud, están fuertemente afectados por la pobreza(AU)


In Latin America and the Caribbean, most countries with undernourishment (2011-2017) slowed their economies and deepened the food crisis and social conflicts. Venezuela is experiencing massive impoverishment and food insecurity that motivates migration to other countries. In order to know the current situation of food security (SA) and malnutrition, the main determinants were studied, through the analysis of technical reports of public access in the last five years. It was found that the dimensions of the SA are severely compromised: access, availability, bioutilization and stability of the above. Food preferences are affected by the distortion between prices and real incomes. The pattern of food consumption has changed, resulting in insufficient quantity and quality, without variety, based on rice, corn, pasta, grains and oil; lacking in animal proteins, vitamins A, B and C, and minerals (iron, folic acid zinc and calcium). The direct effect is the increase in malnutrition and hidden hunger in the most vulnerable. Chronic malnutrition, the main nutritional problem, overlaps with the caloric-protein deficit and nutrient deficiencies. The community nutrition program and the Social Emergency Project (2017-2018) reported severity of stunted growth (moderate and severe) and acute malnutrition that mainly affected children under two years of age, from areas with less rural resources or periurban. The three immediate determinants of the child's nutritional status: food security, adequate care and health, are strongly affected by poverty(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Classe Social , Estado Nutricional , Deficiências Nutricionais , Desnutrição , Epidemiologia Nutricional , Valor Nutritivo , Pobreza , Fome , Economia
14.
An. venez. nutr ; 28(2): 125-131, dic. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-798249

RESUMO

La alimentación y la nutrición adecuadas son el primer y el más importante de los derechos humanos fundamentales y de los determinantes de la salud de las personas. Con el propósito de ayudar a reducir el impacto del hambre y facilitar el control y la eliminación de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs), contribuyendo al alcance de la seguridad alimentaria en la población escolar del Departamento de Chinandega (Nicaragua), se desarrolló el proyecto piloto “Hambre, miseria y enfermedad: el papel de la nutrición en las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs) en Nicaragua”. El presente artículo documenta esta experiencia. Para conseguir los objetivos planteados se organizó una jornada científica con expertos en nutrición y en las ETDs, un panel elaboró las conclusiones que sirvieron para la redacción del documento de consenso, en el cual se fundamentó la elaboración de los materiales a ser utilizados en la intervención educativa: “Alimentación para crecer sano”, manual dirigido a los promotores de salud y “Manual de estrategias educativas: alimentación para crecer sano” dirigido a los escolares. Se realizaron cuatro jornadas de capacitación que inicialmente involucró a 80 maestros de 20 escuelas, y que en la última jornada logró sumar 145 docentes. Seguidamente se desarrolló la fase de multiplicación en las escuelas, con la participación de 2.327 niños de entre 7 y 14 años de edad. En esta experiencia la receptividad de los docentes, la mejora en sus habilidades y conocimientos son una garantía para la replicación en los niños y niñas(AU)


Food and proper nutrition are the first and most important of fundamental human rights and the determinants of health of people. In order to help reduce the impact of hunger and facilitate the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), contributing to the extent of food safety in the school population of the Department of Chinandega (Nicaragua), the pilot project “Hunger, misery and disease: the role of nutrition in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Nicaragua” was developed. This article documents this experience. To achieve the goals a scientific conference with experts in nutrition and NTDs was organized, a panel drew conclusions that were used for drafting the consensus document in which the development of the materials was based to be used in the intervention education: A “Food to grow healthy” manual aimed at health promoters and a “Manual of educational strategies: healthy food for growth” aimed at schoolchildren. Four days of training initially involved 80 teachers from 20 schools were made, and on the last day managed to reach 145 teachers. Then the multiplication phase in schools was developed with the participation of 2,327 children between 7 and 14 years old. In this experience the receptivity of teachers, improving their skills and knowledge are a guarantee for replication in children(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Programas de Nutrição , Educação , Ciências da Nutrição , Doenças Negligenciadas , Epidemiologia , Fome , Desnutrição , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento
15.
An. venez. nutr ; 28(1): 43-47, mar. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-788147

RESUMO

“La seguridad alimentaria en Venezuela” fue el tema central de la tercera edición del simposio organizado por el Grupo de Trabajo sobre Transición Alimentaria y Nutricional de la Fundación Bengoa para la alimentación y nutrición. En esta ocasión realizado dentro de las VI Jornadas de Investigación del Instituto de Biología Experimental (UCV) y la LXIV Convención Anual de la AsoVAC en Caracas, y enmarcado en las celebraciones del 2014 como Año Internacional de la Agricultura Familiar y el centenario del germano-venezolano Werner G. Jaffé, uno de los pioneros de la nutrición en Venezuela con talla internacional. Seis expertos se dieron cita para disertar sobre igual número de temas: la contribución de este ilustre bioquímico a la ciencia venezolana; los abordajes emergentes en la comprensión de la seguridad alimentaria; las voces de la inseguridad alimentaria y el hambre en el país; la importancia de la fortificación con ácido fólico en Venezuela; los programas de subsidio de alimentos, ¿dependencia o alimentación?; y los alimentos, la memoria y la convivencia desde un punto de vista socioantropológico. Tres aportes destacaron de la dilatada trayectoria de este insigne maestro y catedrático de varias generaciones: la vigencia del tema de la complementación proteica, la necesidad de rescatar el “Lactovisoy” para uso en programas alimentarios dirigidos a la población infantil y la impostergable tarea de buscar un alimento de consumo masivo que sirva de vehículo para la fortificación con ácido fólico, dirigido a la mujer venezolana, en especial, a las adolescentes(AU)


Food security in Venezuela” was the central theme of the third symposium on nutrition organized by the Working Group on Nutrition Transition of the Bengoa Foundation for Food and Nutrition. It was held in the Sixth Research Conference of the Institute of Experimental Biology (UCV) and the 64th AsoVAC Annual Convention, and framed in the celebrations of the 2014 International Year of Family Farming and the centenary of the German-Venezuelan Werner G. Jaffe, one of the pioneers of nutritional biochemistry in Venezuela with international stature. Six experts gathered to speak on equal number of themes: the important contribution of this famous biochemist to the Venezuelan science; emerging approaches in understanding food security; the voices of food insecurity and hunger in the country; the importance of folic acid fortification in Venezuela; subsidy programs of foods - nourishment or dependency?; and food, memory and co-existence from a socio-anthropological point of view. Three issues were highlighted from the legacy of Dr Jaffe: the issue of protein complementation, the use of the instant drink “Lactovisoy” in food programs for the children, and the urgent task of searching for a well consumed food to be fortified with folic acid, to target Venezuelan women, especially adolescents(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Congressos como Assunto , Segurança Alimentar , Financiamento Governamental , Ácido Fólico , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Pobreza , Ingestão de Alimentos , Programa , Ciências da Nutrição
16.
An. venez. nutr ; 27(1): 77-87, jun. 2014. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-748421

RESUMO

La doble carga nutricional, la coexistencia del déficit y del exceso nutricional es el resultado de la Transición Alimentaria y Nutricional acelerada en los países en vías de desarrollo que no habrían resuelto sus problemas de déficit nutricional antes de que les alcanzaran el sobrepeso, la obesidad y las enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con la nutrición. Los cambios en el estilo de vida del venezolano como resultado de la rápida urbanización y la migración masiva hacia las ciudades es el fenómeno más relevante; se discuten los aspectos relacionados con el crecimiento prenatal y posnatal temprano y su asociación con las enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con la nutrición. Factores demográficos perfilan a Venezuela como de alto riesgo: el embarazo de adolescentes con tasas altas en la Región Latinoamericana, el peso bajo al nacer, el aumento de la mortalidad materna y de la mortalidad infantil, la lactancia materna exclusiva que disminuye con la edad del recién nacido. En el primer estudio de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población venezolana, del INN, entre los 7 a los 17 años de edad, 21-28% presentaban exceso y 15- 17% déficit, un reflejo de la “doble carga”, cuya distribución resulta heterogénea en el país, el déficit en los niños parece ser mayor que el exceso en estados rurales como Apure así como en los estratos más bajos. En los adultos el sobrepeso y la obesidad aumentan con la edad. Se presenta una aproximación a la prevención de la “doble carga” y de los problemas de salud pública derivados de esta(AU)


The double burden of malnutrition, the coexistence of nutritional deficit and excess is the result of the Food and Nutrition Transition accelerated in developing countries that would had not have solved their problems of nutritional deficiency before they were reached by overweight, obesity and chronic diseases related to nutrition. Changes in the lifestyle of the Venezuelan population as a result of rapid urbanization and migration to the cities, is the most important phenomenon; aspects of prenatal and early postnatal growth and its association with chronic diseases related to nutrition are discussed. Demographic factors outline the Venezuelan population as high risk: teenage pregnancy prevalence is among the highest in the Latin American region, low birth weight, increased maternal mortality and infant mortality; exclusive breastfeeding decreasing’s the with age of the newborn. In the first study of overweight and obesity in the Venezuelan population, INN, in ages 7 to 17 years olds 21-28% were overweight and 15-17% were undernourished, a reflection of the “double burden”, whose distribution is heterogeneous in the country, the deficit in children appears to be larger than the excess overweight in rural states like Apure and in the lower socioeconomic strata. In adults, overweight and obesity increase with age. An approach to the prevention of the “double burden” and the public health problems resulting from this is presented(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez na Adolescência , Peso ao Nascer , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Transição Nutricional , Comportamento Alimentar , Obesidade/etiologia , Doença Crônica , Sobrepeso , Comportamento Sedentário , Estilo de Vida
17.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 63(4): 258-277, dic. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-749950

RESUMO

La actualización de los valores de referencia de energía para los diferentes grupos poblacionales en Venezuela, responde a las recomendaciones del comité de expertos en nutrición convocado por FAO desde hace algunas décadas para que los países asuman esta tarea. Dadas las variaciones tanto en las necesidades como el consumo energético a nivel global y en particular en el panorama nutricional venezolano con la presencia de la “doble carga de la malnutrición” es pertinente la revisión de los Valores de Referencia de Energía (VRE) desde una perspectiva más integral. La presente actualización siguió la metodología del informe del comité de expertos FAO/OMS/UNU 2004 y se determinaron los valores de referencia por grupos de edad y género así como los valores ponderados de energía para la población venezolana. Para el cálculo de los requerimientos se consideró el gasto energético incluyendo la Tasa Metabólica Basal y el nivel de actividad física para algunos grupos de manera específica. El valor promedio ponderado de energía para la población venezolana en 2012, fue de 2.200 kcal/día, más bajo que en el año 2000 (2.300 kcal/día). En el género masculino fue más bajo en casi todas las edades excepto a los 16-17 años y, en el femenino hasta los diez años, mientras que, en las otras edades resultaron ligeramente más altos que los valores del 2000.


The project of updating the Venezuelan energy reference values respond to the recommendations made by an FAO experts committee, several decades ago for the countries assuming this work. Because of the dramatic changes experienced globally regarding energy intake/expenditure and particularly variations on the Venezuelan nutritional scenario with the presence of “the double burden of malnutrition” it a review of Energy Reference Values (VRE) from a more integral approach is pertinent. This report follows the methodology proposed by FAO/WHO/UNU 2004 experts committee and energy reference values were established by group of age and gender, also average energy values for Venezuelan population were obtained. For calculation of these requirements, the energy expenditure was included by taking into account Basal Metabolic Rate and physical activity level for some specific groups. The score average values updated in 2012 of 2.200 kcal/dia reported to be lower than those of 2000 at all ages for masculine gender except for the 16-17 age group and for feminine gender just until ages 10- 12 years and from there are slightly above the values obtained in 2000.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Ingestão de Energia , Recomendações Nutricionais , Fatores Etários , Peso Corporal , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Venezuela
18.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 63(4): 258-77, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25924458

RESUMO

The project of updating the Venezuelan energy reference values respond to the recommendations made by an FAO experts committee, several decades ago for the countries assuming this work. Because of the dramatic changes experienced globally regarding energy intake/expenditure and particularly variations on the Venezuelan nutritional scenario with the presence of "the double burden of malnutrition" it a review of Energy Reference Values (VRE) from a more integral approach is pertinent. This report follows the methodology proposed by FAO/WHO/UNU 2004 experts committee and energy reference values were established by group of age and gender, also average energy values for Venezuelan population were obtained. For calculation of these requirements, the energy expenditure was included by taking into account Basal Metabolic Rate and physical activity level for some specific groups. The score average values updated in 2012 of 2.200 kcal/dia reported to be lower than those of 2000 at all ages for masculine gender except for the 16-17 age group and for feminine gender just until ages 10-12 years and from there are slightly above the values obtained in 2000.


Assuntos
Ingestão de Energia , Recomendações Nutricionais , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Peso Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Venezuela , Adulto Jovem
20.
An. venez. nutr ; 25(2): 73-84, dic. 2012. []
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-705428

RESUMO

En la Declaración del Milenio, aprobada por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas en 2000, los Estados se comprometieron a reducir a la mitad para el año 2015 el número de personas que padecieran hambre. En 2004 la FAO aprobó las Directrices Voluntarias, del derecho a una alimentación adecuada en el contexto de la seguridad alimentaria nacional y dio orientación práctica a los Estados. El ejercicio del derecho, presenta inequidades de tipo socioeconómico, cultural, geográficos y políticos, que limitan su cumplimiento, entre ellas, desequilibrio en la disponibilidad y acceso a los alimentos que conduce a una situación de alta vulnerabilidad alimentaria y nutricional en los grupos con menores recursos. La alimentación sufre el impacto de la alta inflación y del desabastecimiento que alcanzó 13% en 2012, leche, harina de maíz y aceite están entre los alimentos más críticos. Algunas de las leyes y la política de expropiación, confiscación e invasión de empresas de alimentos y de fincas productivas, ha provocado una caída de la producción nacional, de modo que los alimentos en su mayoría son importados, algunos deficientes en calidad e inocuidad. En la nutrición, está la doble carga, desnutrición (17-31%) y sobrepeso-obesidad (13-20%) en niños y adolescentes, en los más pobres y en los adultos aumentan las enfermedades crónicas. Sin embargo, desde 2007 los datos oficiales del SISVAN no se publican. El cumplimiento del Derecho a la Alimentación, presenta debilidades que deben corregirse para darle más y mejor alimentación a la población(AU)


In The United Nations Millenium Declarations on the Developmental Goals approved by the general assembly in 2000, the countries made a commitment to reduce the number of persons suffering from hunger by the year 2015. In 2004, FAO approved the Voluntary Guidelines on the right to adequate food in the context of national Food Security and provided a practical guidance to the states. The exercise of this right presents inequities in the socioeconomic, cultural, geographical and political levels that limit their achievement, amongst them the instability in the availability and access to food that results in a high vulnerability in food consumption and nutritional status of the poorest populations groups. Food consumption suffers the impact o high inflation and food shortage that reached 13% in 2012; milk, maize flour and oil are amongst the most critical Some laws and the policy of expropriation and invasions of food companies and productive farms have produced scarcity due to a drop in productivity with the result that most food products are imported, some deficient in quality and innocuousness. We carry the double burden of under nutrition (13-20%) and overweight (13-20%) in children and adolescents and in adults, chronic diseases are rising. Nonetheless, SISVAN does not publish data on nutritional status since 2007. The right to food presents weaknesses that should be corrected to ensure a better nutrition for the population(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida , Condições Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fome , Segurança Alimentar , Pobreza , Programas de Nutrição , Direitos Humanos
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